Machine Unlearning: The Death Knell for Artificial General Intelligence?

Dall-E and toppng.com

Just as AI systems seem to be creating a world of their own through various 'hallucinations', Google has announced a competition between now and mid-September to help develop ways for AI systems to unlearn by removing "the influence of a specific subset of training examples — the "forget set" — from a trained model." This is key to allow individuals to exercise their rights 'to be forgotten', to object to processing, restrict processing or rectify errors under EU and UK privacy regulation, for example: Google accepts that in some cases it's possible to infer that an individual's personal data was used to train an AI model even after the personal data was deleted. But what does machine unlearning mean for the 'holy grail' of general artificial intelligence?

Unlearning is intended to be a cost effective alternative to completely retraining the AI model from scratch with the "forget set" removed from the training dataset. The idea is to remove  certain data and its 'influence' while retaining the accuracy or fairness of an AI model and its ability to generalize in ways that have already been held out as examples of what the model can achieve.

A problem with approaches to 'machine unlearning' to date has been inconsistency in the measures for evaluating their effectiveness, making comparisons impracticable. 

By standardizing the evaluation metrics Google hopes to identify the strengths and weaknesses of different algorithms and spark broader work on this aspect of AI.

As part of the challenge, Google will offer a set of information, some of which must be forgotten if unlearning is successful: the unlearned model should contain no traces of the forgotten examples, so that 'membership inference attacks' (MIAs) would be unable to infer that any of them was part of the original training dataset. 

Perhaps unlike the problem of hallucinations or fabrication (from which humans also suffer) - the advent of 'machine unlearning' provides another reason why 'artificial general intelligence' - a computer's ability to replicate human intelligence - will remain elusive, since humans often forget things only to recall them later, or are unable to recall events or aspects of them that we witnessed firsthand and/or were 'supposed' to remember (like an accident or a birthday or wedding anniversary).

Russian Invasion Of Ukraine Coming To A Head?

Events of the past 24 hours suggest Putin is either about to back out of Ukraine or spark a war with NATO...

The Ukrainian President warned yesterday of intelligence that suggests the Russians are about to blow up the nuclear plant in Zaporizhzhia.

That prompted an immediate bipartisan effort in the US Congress to send Putin/Russia a clear statement that using a tactical nuclear weapon, or blowing up a nuclear powerplant, in Ukraine would cause harm to NATO countries, especially Poland, in the form of radiation; and that would trigger a NATO response under Article 5 of the treaty. 

Meanwhile, Prigozhin, oligarch and owner of the brutal Wagner mercenary group, suddenly reappears with a 30 minute monologue presenting Putin's assault on Ukraine as effectively a coup by local Russian military/authorities and oligarchs who've been plundering Eastern Ukraine since 2014 and triggered the 'special military operation' as a cover for further personal gain. That would certainly set up a basis for he and Putin to back Russia out of Ukraine and pin the whole disaster on those 'culprits'...

Worryingly, this is far worse than the Cuban Missile Crisis, since that stand-off involved ships with warheads nearing a port, while this involves some random Russian soldier with a hand on a detonator...

How this ends depends on who's really in charge and how insane they are.

Not encouraging, based on what we've seen the Russians do since February 2022! 

The Tories' Love Affair With Boris Is Over... Isn't It?

The UK's Parliamentary Privileges Committee (a majority of which are Tories) has found that Boris Johnson so completely misled Parliament that they do not even want to allow him a former member's pass.

Of course, assuming Parliament votes to endorse the findings and the result, this won't be Johnson's first divorce.

And he quit as a Member of Parliament, anyway, so why does it matter?

Because, like the Terminator and his Orangutanian friend in the US, he'll be back. 

And he has plenty of people he hasn't fucked fans and flunkies lurking to support him despite years of fraudulent electoral promises designed to advance his own career. Sunak fears it too, hence the recent tug-of-war between he and Johnson over the release of ministers' and officials' WhatsApp messages from during the pandemic to Britain's Covid Inquiry; and the more recent round of 'dishonours' that the pair hastily agreed in advance of Johnson himself leaking the Privileges Committee report and resigning as an MP in high dudgeon, claiming that he had been hoisted by his own petard 'ousted'.

Good riddance to the man, I hear you say.

But, sadly, we'll be hearing a lot more from him, whether or not he ever slithers back into public office...

Financial Crisis: Death By A Thousand Cuts

Speaking 10 years after the Global Financial Crisis of 2008, Hank Paulson worried that, while banks were not over-leveraged, governments had no room to stimulate growth because they were already spending and borrowing record at record rates and interest rates couldn't go any lower. Another 5 years on, and the era of cheap money is over, inflation has rocketed and suddenly there's a crisis of confidence in banks, not governments. What the hell happened? Well, it's the same old problem: greed and stupidity are winning, but this time it's everywhere, all at once. 

The result is a broader crisis in confidence - or the lack of it. No matter where investors turn unexpected holes are appearing. A string of crypto collapses culminating in the discovery of a vast fraud in FTX and the ensuing crypto-contagion that bled into the banking system via Silvergate; the SEC finally calling time on numerous unregistered crypto-securities programmes, again stressing real world investors and funding providers; the Truss-Kwarteng 'mini-budget' producing unaffordable mortgages and declining property prices amid flat-lining business investment and other trade problems in Brexit Britain, now the basket-case of the G7; Russia's invasion of Ukraine driving energy price explosion and rampant inflation, to which central banks have responded with rapid interest rate rises that in turn cut the market value of long term bonds held by banks with needy depositors, like SVB, First Republic and other lesser US banks that Trump exempted from proper scrutiny. And then there's the perennial doom-spiral that is Credit Suisse. 

Where will it end?

Who knows. Buckle up and try to enjoy the ride.

Behind Every Major Public or Political Decision Is A "Private" Message... Release Them All

From FauxFoxNews' 'coverage' of Trump's "stolen election" claims to a seemingly endless list of British government decisions to police officers' own misconduct, access to the participants' "private" messages has revealed gross dishonesty on issues of critical importance to the public they are supposed to serve. WhatsApp launched in 2009. Given the evidence of such outrageous abuses of public trust can be found on that service (and no doubt others launched since), it's vital that government ministers and senior public officials should be prepared to publish their private messages on such platforms.

Of course, those in public office may - and must - hold opinions, but they must also be genuine champions of truth and honesty. The mere fact of the revelations cited above underscores the point. So, too, the consequences of the rampant dishonesty that many public officers seem to privately share. Witness the attempted slaughter on Capitol Hill on January 6, 2021 or the degree to which Britain's care homes unwittingly became a killing zone during the pandemic or the extent to which the country's police prey on women and minorities. 

There's an endless list of issues in relation to which ministers and public officials seem to have been less than frank with the public and I will not list them here. But I'm willing to bet that sustained pressure to release their private messages during the periods when they were deliberating on those issues will, if they survive in public office at all, help deter dishonesty when it comes to their next important decision.