Cryptocurrencies Crest Capitol Hill

On Tuesday, I had the pleasure of joining a panel on mobile payments at Liquidity, the summit on new finance. I also caught the earlier sessions, but sadly missed the afternoon. It was definitely worthwhile, and I'll include links to the videos when they're published. Well done to Stan and Edie for pulling the summit together.

One development in particular that caught my attention was James Smith's explanation of the wider uses of Bitcoins, and other cryptographic currencies. I actually struggle with the idea that these are really 'currencies' as opposed to commodities that can be bought and sold. That would also explain the volatility in the 'exchange rate'. But the technology definitely opens up some interesting possibilities.

One of the wider uses of cryptocurrencies involves agreeing that a unique string of numbers with a nominal 'value' (say, a sixteenth of a Bitcoin), represents the record of title to a specific asset. This use-case is reflected in colored Bitcoins, for example, where different coloured 'coins' respresent different types of asset. While we already have asset registers for many types of property, such as land, ships, cars and securities, there are many other types of asset for which a similar approach would be too expensive. Some of the challenges confronted by such a project from a technological standpoint are described here.

The proliferation of cryptocurrencies and their possible uses has generated  significant interest from the venture capital community, as well as amongst central banks, monetary authorities and agencies fighting financial crime.

Far from retreating before the threat of a regulatory onslaught, however, cryptocurrency service providers have been lobbying for some time to gain acceptance, (e.g. via the Bitcoin Foundation). Recently, the leading providers and supporters also formed the Digital Assets Transfer Authority, or DATA to concentrate and focus resources more efficiently and provide a forum for resolving appropriate controls for the shared operational and regulatory risks.

The fact that the future of cryptocurrencies have reached this level of official engagement definitely makes it an area worth keeping an eye on.

BS2 and The Planning Fallacy

In his excellent book Thinking, Fast and Slow, Daniel Kahneman explains that governments tend to reward bidders who over-estimate the utility of large-scale projects, while under-estimating the cost. This is known in the trade as "The Planning Fallacy". While Kahneman cited research that demonstrates the fallacy in relation to many railway procurement exercises over many years, we also saw if firsthand recently in the West Coast railway fiasco. Now the government is trying its hand again, with BS2 HS2.

The Planning Fallacy suits all those involved, except commuters and taxpayers. At the time of the West Coast debacle, costs were about 40% higher on Britain’s railways than comparable European networks. And taxpayer subsidies, adjusted for inflation, had reached approximately £7 billion per annum. Approximately 10% of trains didn’t arrive on time. Only 42% of rail customers were satisfied with value for money for the price of their ticket. Only 69% said there was sufficient room for all passengers. And only 80% of rail customers were satisfied with punctuality.

This spring, the figures don't look any better. In fact, only 29% of UK commuters thought they got good value for their rail fares. Adding a fancy new rail project doesn't seem likely to fix their day-to-day experience.

There are numerous hard-headed dismissals of the alleged viability of HS2, including John Kay's piece yesterday. And it wasn't reassuring to learn from a Channel 4 news interview with the Transport Secretary that he has set aside a £14bn 'contingency' in an apparent budget of £40bn. It smells like 'waste' to me.

There must be ways to spend that kind of money to improve the lot of today's commuters, rather than saddling the next generation with a whole load of BS.

Banks Can't Even Be Bothered For The Rich

Oh those poor, poor bankers. Now, we're told by Spear's, that the new 'retail distribution' rules have made their lives so complicated they even have to stop fleecing servicing wealthy customers. Bernie Madoff must be relieved to have got out before the well ran dry.

Ironically, for a magazine that bills itself as "the essential resource for high net worths", Spear's argues the bankers' case. The article seeks to persuade wealthy readers to stop being so demanding if they wish to avoid being 'managed out' by private bankers who find them too costly to serve. In particular, customers must stop expecting services aligned to their needs and behave in a way that suits the banks: 

• agree what the banker will do for you up front, then wait for the quarterly reports and limit any discussion to those times instead of pestering for more frequent advice;

• don't change your instructions (the banks already chew through 3% of your return by making 'adjustments' to your portfolio, so don't make it worse); and

• behave as if you're part of a team - cut your banker some slack when he is slow to realise gains or avert losses and, most importantly, recommend him to your friends (bankers just love the bandwagon effect).

Puzzling, until you realise where Spear's probably gets most of its advertising revenue.

Definitely a sign that yet another area of the financial services market is ripe for innovation by facilitators.

There Is Not A Great Retail Bank In The UK

Ross McEwan's appointment as CEO of RBS roundly endorsed his remark that he has been "quite surprised by how bad this industry is. There is not a great retail bank in the UK." 

This from a banker who's reported to have twice failed an accounting module, been passed over for top dog at Commonwealth Bank of Australia and to be "more comfortable with people than figures." 

It's hardly an insightful comment, given the enormous publicity surrounding the damning testimony to the Parliamentary Banking Standards Commission, but McEwan is the first senior banker to have the self-awareness to actually admit the appalling state of the industry. As such, the remark even topped today's editorial in the FT. I mean, there's only so much the pink propaganda machine can ignore.

Amidst all this, the Information Commissioner's Office finally revealed the miserable little saga of Bank of Scotland's "chronic and repeated" disclosure of sensitive customer information. Apparently it sent faxes from many different machines to wrong numbers from 2009 to 2012, despite alerts and complaints from mistaken recipients, and notification that the ICO had begun to investigate. The fine: a mere £75,000. Another speeding ticket on the road to oblivion.

Add this to the revelations of UK banks' gross misconduct and poor controls over the past few years, and you have to doubt the wisdom of handing shares in these businesses to the general public. 

Unless, of course, you want taxpayers to experience the banks' terminal decline firsthand. A sort of 'scandal to end all scandals'.  That would be nice.

Less From the Pulpit, More From the Pew

The Church of England's terrible muddle over pay day lending shows that it's out of touch with the details in the payday lending market. Just as we've seen in other markets, pontificating from the top down is no substitute from working on problems from the customer's standpoint. So, a little less output from the pulpit's point of view and more from the pew's would be no bad thing.

As mentioned previously, the challenge for borrowers who need or want to borrow short term is finding a combination of speed, convenience and affordability. In March, the OFT's own research revealed that 90% of online customers found the it "quick and convenient" to get a short term loan and 81% said such loans make it easier to manage when money is tight. Customers expressed their satisfaction in terms of decision speed (36%), convenience (35%) and customer service 27%). The majority of payday customers (72%) only borrow for a month. So, the critical issues seem to be how to ensure the other 28% are better able to understand the risks of rolling over short term loans, and how to avoid it; as well as cutting the overall costs for those who use short term financing. 

The root causes of these problems do not lie in the cost of payday loans. Short term borrowers are often working amongst the contractual fine print of late fees, cancellation notices and so on. Allocating money to debts 'just in time' is a high risk occupation. One slip can make life hell in a non-financial sense - maybe the kids won't have school shoes, there will be no heating or the landlord will finally lose patience. Credit cards, debit cards and cheques are useless from this sort of timing perspective, because they don't tell you how much you have left to spend at the time you use them. There can also be an accounting lag between when you pay and when the transaction lands on your account, so you can find yourself 'surprised' by a payment you thought had been accounted for days or even weeks previously. And the amount of interest and other charges is only known when it appears on a monthly statement. We hear a lot of noise about APRs, but not so much about the timing problems or the scale of fees payable when you get on the wrong side of bank products - these are far more relevant to short term borrowers, and why many remain 'unbanked' by choice.

In these circumstances, rather than playing money-lender, it would be better if the Church could foster the development of an application or other means of presenting to a borrower the most affordable short term finance option, based on the analysis of the borrower's own transaction data from existing creditors (including cancellation rights and late fees), and the costs of different finance products (including charges for missing a payment). This really only requires a commitment on the part of all the typical creditors and financial services providers to make their product and pricing data available in machine-readable format, which the government has been pushing them to do as part of the voluntary 'Midata' programme. That data can then be analysed and the results made available either online or physically, via mobile phone, computer or print-out. 

No doubt the Devil is in the detail underlying such a service. But surely the Church isn't bothered by that?